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Biological and social predictors and correlates of human morality
Kopecký, Robin
In this dissertation, we delve into the multifaceted domains of biological and social factors influencing human morality. The connecting element of this collection of four studies is both an interest in human morality as a traditional philosophical topic and the use of methods from empirical sciences, particularly biology, behavioural, and cognitive sciences. The first study focuses on the moral algorithms in autonomous vehicles. We examined moral preferences regarding the choice between software types that differ in their built-in algorithms for dealing with lethal collisions. These are categorized into three specific types: selfish, altruistic, and conservative. Respondents exhibited a preference for the altruistic strategy, which is reinforced when signalled to others. The altruistic preference is the most pronounced when it applies to everybody else, weaker when it reflects only a personal choice, and the weakest when choosing for one's own child. We conclude that making a choice public significantly sways individuals towards a more socially beneficial solution. The second study investigates the relationship between parasite Toxoplasma gondii infection and its subsequent impact on human political beliefs and values. Infected participants exhibited a tendency towards heightened tribalism and...
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Biological and social predictors and correlates of human morality
Kopecký, Robin ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Špinka, Marek (referee) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
In this dissertation, we delve into the multifaceted domains of biological and social factors influencing human morality. The connecting element of this collection of four studies is both an interest in human morality as a traditional philosophical topic and the use of methods from empirical sciences, particularly biology, behavioural, and cognitive sciences. The first study focuses on the moral algorithms in autonomous vehicles. We examined moral preferences regarding the choice between software types that differ in their built-in algorithms for dealing with lethal collisions. These are categorized into three specific types: selfish, altruistic, and conservative. Respondents exhibited a preference for the altruistic strategy, which is reinforced when signalled to others. The altruistic preference is the most pronounced when it applies to everybody else, weaker when it reflects only a personal choice, and the weakest when choosing for one's own child. We conclude that making a choice public significantly sways individuals towards a more socially beneficial solution. The second study investigates the relationship between parasite Toxoplasma gondii infection and its subsequent impact on human political beliefs and values. Infected participants exhibited a tendency towards heightened tribalism and...
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Conception of responsibility in school-aged children
Bártová, Ludmila ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
This study is based on the research work on moral development written by J. Piaget. It is focused on a development of responsibility (on the child view on responsible behaviour in different age) and on an upbringing to responsibility. Study proceeds from structured interviews with children at the age of 4-13 years. There was used qualitative processing focused on an aspect of development. As a result of presented study there was found out the development of responsibility in three areas. Responsibility for rules develops from an obedience, through justice to equity. Responsibility for social environment develops from politeness to friends to politeness in general and from respecting the law of small groups to respecting the law of big groups. Responsibility for one own thinking develops from black-and-white views to reasoning in the context. Research next discusses the use of expiatory punishment and punishment by reciprocity in upbringing. This study is of benefit to closer view on the responsibility in it's own meaning. There is an inspiration for upbringing children to responsible behaviour. Results can also be a source for future studies in the area of moral development. Key words: responsibility, justice, obedience, expiation punishment, punishment by reciprocity, reasoning in the context.
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DRAMA EDUCATION AND PUPILS MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Zoubková, Gabriela ; Marušák, Radek (advisor) ; Svobodová, Radmila (referee)
This thesis talks about the pupil's moral development. It is focused primarily on possibilities of the moral development in drama education, eventually in some dramatic activities used during other lessons. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. At the beginning of the theoretical part it acquaints readers with basic information about the moral consciousness and behavior, analysis of the moral judgement of the child and possibilities of its measuring. It also presents drama education as a separated subject its principles and methods and it outlines the possibilities of the drama education in the pupil's moral development. The practical part contains the analysis of the primary school age pupil's moral judgement and comparison outcomes of the pupils who are taught using the methods of drama education and pupils, who have never experienced drama education. The goal of the empirical survey is to find out whether and to what extent the drama education influences the development of moral judgement of the pupils.
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Younger school aged children and their moral judgement
Havelková, Lucie ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hrabec, Ondřej (referee)
As the title indicates, our thesis focuses on the moral judgment of children. In analogy to the diploma thesis of Eliška Kuruczová, we as well used situations of social games and stories about lying and unfair authority. The main source for our thesis was Jean Piaget's The moral judgment of the child, published published in 1932, in which Piaget presented the results of his interviews with children. In his research, Piaget stated that moral judgment within dimension of game rules is more complex and requires higher level of orientation in moral issues. But Piaget considers games in general as a competition because of social organization and that's a meeting point where Eliška Kuruczová's bachelor thesis follows on. This thesis examines how different social organization of games influences moral orientation in the issue of games. Thanks to this thesis, which our thesis is based on, we could focus on other questions in Piaget's research that remained unanswered, eg. whether there is a link between the level of orientation in social games and the age of children, or what type of game social organization is the most / least difficult for children's orientation. For triangulation of our research on moral judgment development, we used stories about lying and unfair authority in our interviews. We tried...
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DRAMA EDUCATION AND PUPILS MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Zoubková, Gabriela ; Marušák, Radek (advisor) ; Svobodová, Radmila (referee)
This thesis talks about the pupil's moral development. It is focused primarily on possibilities of the moral development in drama education, eventually in some dramatic activities used during other lessons. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. At the beginning of the theoretical part it acquaints readers with basic information about the moral consciousness and behavior, analysis of the moral judgement of the child and possibilities of its measuring. It also presents drama education as a separated subject its principles and methods and it outlines the possibilities of the drama education in the pupil's moral development. The practical part contains the analysis of the primary school age pupil's moral judgement and comparison outcomes of the pupils who are taught using the methods of drama education and pupils, who have never experienced drama education. The goal of the empirical survey is to find out whether and to what extent the drama education influences the development of moral judgement of the pupils.
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Conception of responsibility in school-aged children
Bártová, Ludmila ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
This study is based on the research work on moral development written by J. Piaget. It is focused on a development of responsibility (on the child view on responsible behaviour in different age) and on an upbringing to responsibility. Study proceeds from structured interviews with children at the age of 4-13 years. There was used qualitative processing focused on an aspect of development. As a result of presented study there was found out the development of responsibility in three areas. Responsibility for rules develops from an obedience, through justice to equity. Responsibility for social environment develops from politeness to friends to politeness in general and from respecting the law of small groups to respecting the law of big groups. Responsibility for one own thinking develops from black-and-white views to reasoning in the context. Research next discusses the use of expiatory punishment and punishment by reciprocity in upbringing. This study is of benefit to closer view on the responsibility in it's own meaning. There is an inspiration for upbringing children to responsible behaviour. Results can also be a source for future studies in the area of moral development. Key words: responsibility, justice, obedience, expiation punishment, punishment by reciprocity, reasoning in the context.
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